1567 Results
Filter
Sort
Sort by Most Relevant
Filter
Categories
Tags
- 100%
- 2010
- 2020
- 2021-2027 initial allocations
- 2040 vision
- 8th cohesion report
- 9th cohesion report
- accessability statement
- administration
- agriculture
- air
- airport
- allocations 2021-2027
- ambulances
- amif
- area
- article 7
- awareness
- axis
- bar chart
- bike lanes
- bike parking
- biodiversity
- buildings
- capacity building
- carbon footprint
- categorisation data
- categorisation system
- chronology
- cities
- clean air
- clean energy
- climate change
- clld
- closure
- co-financing
- cohesion report 9
- cohesionfund
- commitment plan
- common output
- common result
- convergence
- counting projects; detailed themes; operations
- coverage
- covid pandemic
- covid vaccine
- cpr article 42
- creating charts
- cross-cutting_themes
- cycle paths
- data story
- datastory
- decided finances
- declarations
- demography
- detailed themes
- development chronology
- digital skills
- digital transition
- dimensions
- disaster support
- disasters
- domestic waste management
- drinking water
- e-business
- e-commerce
- e-government; digitisation
- e-health
- e-learning
- e-tourism
- econometric
- econometric modelling
- economic activity
- economic sector
- economic sectors
- edrf
- education
- election results
- energy efficiency
- energy union
- enterprise
- enterprises
- esf participants
- esf+
- esf+ secondary theme
- esif odp
- eu allocations
- eu budget
- eu discontent
- eu solidarity fund
- eurobarometer
- eurobarometer awareness eu regional policy
- eurobarometer perception eu regional policy
- eurobarometer priorities eu regional policy
- eurosceptisism
- eurostat
- euspi
- evaluations
- ex post evaluation
- excess deaths
- faq
- fead open data
- feedback
- financial data on implementation
- financial implementation
- financial plans
- fire prevention
- fires
- flood prevention
- foot paths
- forest fires
- form of support
- forthcoming
- framework
- frequently asked questions
- ftth
- future developments
- gdp trends
- gender
- gender budgeting
- gender monitor
- gender targeting
- gender tracking
- geographic characteristics
- ghg emissions
- glass ceiling
- green
- green tracking
- gross fixed capital formation
- guarantee funds
- health emergencies
- heritage
- how to
- icu beds
- ijg
- impact
- implementation evaluations
- in profile
- indicators by operation
- indice
- initial allocation
- inland waterways
- integrated
- interreg common indicators
- intervention_fields
- investments
- ipa
- island
- iti
- just transition
- kohesio
- large enterprises
- loan
- loan funds
- loands
- location
- long term impact
- lookup
- low carbon transport
- macro region
- macro-regional and sea basin strategies
- mainstreaming
- maritime safety
- measure level
- medecines
- medicine
- member states
- mff
- monitoring
- most deprived
- mountain
- national parks
- natura 2000
- natural areas
- nature
- new enterprises
- nomenclature des unités territoriales
- nuts 2 2016
- nuts 2010
- nuts allocation
- nuts codes
- nuts3
- operational programme
- outermost
- over programming
- pa
- pandemic
- payment execution
- payments
- peer to peer
- perceptions
- performance
- performance framework
- performance review
- photovoltaic
- pie chart
- planned development
- planned vs implemented
- pollution
- port
- ppe
- pre-accession
- pre-financing
- preliminary allocations
- programming outcome
- progress
- project selection
- qanda
- raw data
- recycling
- region
- regional coverage
- regional development
- regional development trap
- regional gdp
- regional innovation
- regional labour markets
- regions
- reprogrammming
- research institutes
- reserve
- resources
- results
- review
- rhomolo
- rtd
- rup
- rural development
- sanitation
- scatterplot
- scores
- sdg
- sdg 6
- sectoral data
- selected operations
- selection rate
- singaling
- skills
- small enterprises
- smart grids
- sme
- sme financing
- social progress
- solar
- sparsely populated
- specific indicators
- specific objective
- start-ups
- strategies
- structural funds
- studies
- sud
- sump
- survey
- ta
- taiex
- technology
- ten-t
- territorial development
- territorial focus
- territory types
- thematic allocations
- thematic data
- thematic objectives
- themes
- theory based
- theory based evaluation
- time
- time series
- totaluncashedrecoveryamountfromyear
- tourist attractions
- track
- transmission of data
- transnational
- uban transport
- urban development
- urban mobility
- user feedback
- user profile
- user satisfaction
- user surveysts
- uwwtd
- vaccination
- vaccines
- variation
- ventilators
- venture capital
- visualization
- vocational skills
- waste management
- waste treatment
- water
- water conservation
- water framework
- water framework directive
- wellbeing
- wind energy
- working capital
- year
- yei participants
- z scores
- 2019
- ageing
- aid intensity
- benchmarking
- biodiversity tracking
- blog
- carbon intensity
- circular economy
- citizens’ perception
- climate mitigation
- counterfactual
- crii+
- cycling
- demographic change
- deprived communities
- drought
- earthquakes
- eligibility
- emergency services
- emfaf
- employment
- enterprise support
- eu funding per capita
- eu-spi
- european regional competitiveness index
- eusf
- female advantage
- female disadvantage
- flying flags
- ghg
- green jobs
- hospitals
- indicator
- inequality
- infrastructure
- initial pre-financing
- inter modal
- interreg
- ip
- jtf
- less developped
- loans
- low carbon
- member state
- migration
- more developped
- multi modal
- non-paper
- nuts 3
- outputs
- performance reserve
- priority theme
- programmes
- projects
- public health
- public investment
- r+d activities
- rail
- rates
- regional competitiveness
- regional competitiveness index 2019
- renewables
- reprogramming
- rtd activities
- rtd infrastructure
- rural
- science parks
- sdgs
- sectors
- smart growth
- social
- social progress index
- solidarity
- specific funds
- statistics
- storms
- story
- success
- sustainable development goals
- sustainable urban development
- technology institutes
- territory
- thematic concentration
- thematic investment volumes
- theme
- transition
- universities
- urban
- user survey
- vaccine
- waste water
- water supply
- annual pre-financing
- beneficiaries
- beyond gdp
- categories of region
- cci
- clean urban transport
- climate tracking
- co2
- competitiveness
- core
- costs
- decommitment
- efficiency
- eu regional policy
- firms
- gender equality
- guarantees
- interim payments
- net zero
- nuts 2
- operations
- paid
- participation
- partnership agreement
- react-eu
- recoveries
- regression
- sustainable
- tracking
- un
- user guide
- 1988-1993
- 1994-1999
- 2000-2006
- 2021-2027
- clean transport
- climate action
- climate adaptation
- coronavirus response
- decided
- equity
- eu
- financial instruments
- fund of funds
- healthcare
- historic data
- investment progress
- mp
- population
- spi
- targets
- vcf
- annual
- cohesion
- coronavirus
- decarbonisation
- eonomometric
- finances implemented
- funds
- gdp
- green deal
- major projects
- rci
- cohesion report
- cr9
- eaggf
- erdf cf esf yei 2014-2020
- eu countries
- eu payment
- eu payments
- intervention fields
- payment timeseries
- regional policy
- regionalised
- covid19
- eni
- fead
- health
- historic payments
- index
- ipae
- modelling
- nuts
- nuts2
- absorption
- achievements
- communciation
- crii
- nuts-2
- fire
- indicators
- culture
- floods
- implemented
- risk prevention
- tourism
- expenditure
- covid
- evaluation
- thematic objectives erdf esf cf 2014-2020
- planned
- selected
- covid-19
- esif
- common indicators
- intervention field
- territorial delivery mechanism
- territorial dimension
- form of finance
- categorisation
- business development
- esf participation
- labour market
- social inclusion
- 2014-2020 allocations
- education infrastructure
- health infrastructure
- multimodal
- ports
- rtdi
- spending category
- technical assistance
- waste water treatment
- air quality
- broadband
- environment
- railway
- road
- transport
- urban transport
- energy
- innovation
- research
- smes
- cohesion fund
- priority axis
- category of region
- thematic objective
- esi funds
- fund
- programme
- emff
- yei
- eafrd
- cf
- 2014-2020
- dg regional and urban policy
- core indicators
- esf
- erdf
- 2007-2013
- cohesion policy
1567 Results
#DYK? climate action is supported with major EU cohesion policy investments
Updated
January 31 2023
Views
36,310
1. PURPOSE: This data set provides, in a single source, regionalised (NUTS-2) annual EU expenditure data (in current prices) for specific EU funds - ERDF, Cohesion Fund, EAFRD/EAGGF and ESF. This data can be used, among other purposes, to facilitate analysis on the effects of the EU funds.
In terms of the regionalisation of EU payments made, this work expands and replaces data sets previous published on the ERDF and Cohesion fund with additional years and additional EU funds.
The following studies on ERDF and Cohesion fund expenditure are to a large extent now superseded:
- "Geography of expenditure" Work Package 13 of the ERDF and CF ex-post evaluation 2007-2013 - http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/evaluations/ec/2007-2013/#13
- "Final Report - ERDF and CF Regional Expenditure" (2000-2006) - SWECo 2008 - http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/pdf/expost2006/expenditure_final.pdf
- "The Territorial Effects of the Structural Funds" (1994-1999) - ESPON 2005, study 2.2.1 - http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/structuralfundsimpact.html
The following studies on ERDF and Cohesion fund expenditure are to a large extent now superseded:
- "Geography of expenditure" Work Package 13 of the ERDF and CF ex-post evaluation 2007-2013 - http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/evaluations/ec/2007-2013/#13
- "Final Report - ERDF and CF Regional Expenditure" (2000-2006) - SWECo 2008 - http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/pdf/expost2006/expenditure_final.pdf
- "The Territorial Effects of the Structural Funds" (1994-1999) - ESPON 2005, study 2.2.1 - http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/structuralfundsimpact.html
The dataset does not contain any identification of the thematic nature of the investments made. This is because there was no harmonised system or information available across funds and across programme periods to estimate the thematic composition of the investments. For the ERDF and Cohesion Fund the studies cited above provided some thematic information for specific programme periods.
2. SCOPE
2.1 REGIONALISATION: This dataset provides the most complete historic picture available to date on the annual EU payments made - in EUR in current prices of the year in question (not adjusted or expressed as “in 2015 prices”) - under different shared management funds mapped to or estimated by NUTS-2 regions;
=> presented in the column "EU_payment_annual".
=> presented in the column "EU_payment_annual".
The work undertaken to regionalise the payment data is predominantly based on the NUTS-2013 version as described in the final report of the 2016 WIIW study (link below). In case the EU funded programmes covered more than one NUTS-2 region the regionalisation of the payments was carried out using either (1) regionalised data provided by the managing authorities or (2) the application of certain apportioning rules to the payments in order to estimate the share of the payment by NUTS-2 region.
In regionalising the data, information on the specific national or regional funding programme, which were the source of the payments, was not retained in the processing of the dataset.
2.2 MODELLING OF “REAL” EXPENDITURE: The yearly breakdown of the dataset follows the cycle of the European Commission payments to the Member States and not the date on which real expenditures took place on the ground. This characteristic may negatively affect any subsequent analytic work to carry out policy assessments.
2.2 MODELLING OF “REAL” EXPENDITURE: The yearly breakdown of the dataset follows the cycle of the European Commission payments to the Member States and not the date on which real expenditures took place on the ground. This characteristic may negatively affect any subsequent analytic work to carry out policy assessments.
In order to develop a more realistic estimate of the annual profile of real expenditure, the Commission tasked BERGEN to undertake work to develop a modelling of the “real” annual expenditure on the ground, and to test the robustness and sensitivity of assumptions used (see link to final report below).
=> the modelled annual expenditure is presented in the column "Modelled_annual_expenditure" and it represents the mean of 100 000 simulations on the annual EU payments to estimate real expenditure.
=> The column "Standard_Deviation_of modelled_annual_expenditure" provides the standard deviation of the “modelled_annual_expenditure" which is the root mean square of the set of deviations between each estimated annual payment in 100 000 simulations and the mean of the estimations, presented in the column "Modelled_annual_expenditure”.
=> The column "Standard_Error_of_modelled_annual_expenditure" provides the Standard Error of the "Modelled_annual_expenditure", which is a measure of how far this mean is likely to be from its expected value; that is, its scatter in repeated ex
=> the modelled annual expenditure is presented in the column "Modelled_annual_expenditure" and it represents the mean of 100 000 simulations on the annual EU payments to estimate real expenditure.
=> The column "Standard_Deviation_of modelled_annual_expenditure" provides the standard deviation of the “modelled_annual_expenditure" which is the root mean square of the set of deviations between each estimated annual payment in 100 000 simulations and the mean of the estimations, presented in the column "Modelled_annual_expenditure”.
=> The column "Standard_Error_of_modelled_annual_expenditure" provides the Standard Error of the "Modelled_annual_expenditure", which is a measure of how far this mean is likely to be from its expected value; that is, its scatter in repeated ex
Updated
March 7 2024
Views
36,072
Last Update: March 2016. The data available measures some of the direct outputs under 11 core indicators as reported by over 300 ERDF/CF programmes across the EU. The data is preliminary as the programmes continued their activities to finalise all projects during 2015. The Commission will received the final statements of achievements in March 2017.
Updated
April 27 2018
Views
32,922
Financial instruments (loans, equity, guarantee funds and others) represent a potentially resource-efficient way of deploying ESI Funds public resources to target economically viable projects. This article discusses the scale and progress in implementing FIs in the funding period 14-20.
Updated
February 20 2023
Views
32,442
Last Update: March 2016. The data available measures some of the direct outputs under 11 core indicators as reported by over 300 ERDF/CF programmes across the EU. The data is preliminary as the programmes continued their activities to finalise all projects during 2015. The Commission will received the final statements of achievements in March 2017.
Updated
April 27 2018
Views
31,636
The EU's Cohesion Policy invests in health as an asset for regional development and competitiveness, in order to reduce economic and social disparities. Investment may address a number of different areas.
Updated
March 6 2023
Views
31,560
File description: The financial allocations for Thematic Objective (TO) and Fund have been extracted 09/01/2015. The file contains the Thematic Objective allocations for the programming period 2014/2020 for all the 28 Member States. Please notice that the Partnership agreements are going under revision to include the European Maritime and Fishery Fund (EMFF); therefore, some data may change in the following months.
Disclaimer: Please notice that the financial allocations reported in this file are not entirely finalised and they may change during the following months.
Updated
January 30 2020
Views
31,463
File description: The financial allocations for Thematic Objective (TO) and Fund have been extracted 09/01/2015. The file contains the Thematic Objective allocations for the programming period 2014/2020 for all the 28 Member States. Please notice that the Partnership agreements are going under revision to include the European Maritime and Fishery Fund (EMFF); therefore, some data may change in the following months.
Disclaimer: Please notice that the financial allocations reported in this file are not entirely finalised and they may change during the following months.
Updated
January 30 2020
Views
31,255
Last Update: March 2016. The data available measures some of the direct outputs under 11 core indicators as reported by over 300 ERDF/CF programmes across the EU. The data is preliminary as the programmes continued their activities to finalise all projects during 2015. The Commission will received the final statements of achievements in March 2017.
Updated
April 27 2018
Views
30,056
The data available provides **national values** for outputs under 18 core indicators reported by over 300 ERDF/CF programmes across the EU.
[The disaggregated programme achievements values for the 4 years 2012-2015 are provided in a separate dataset: https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/EU-Level/2007-2013-ERDF-CF-achievements-core-indicators-by-/dsvh-4gnx ]
[The disaggregated programme achievements values for the 4 years 2012-2015 are provided in a separate dataset: https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/EU-Level/2007-2013-ERDF-CF-achievements-core-indicators-by-/dsvh-4gnx ]
Last data update: March 2018.
The values reported relate to achievements tracked in monitoring systems as reported by projects financed with EU investments in the period 2007-2015.
For three Member States - Croatia, Romania and Slokavia - the final values may include outputs from 2016 under specific extensions provided; in those cases the final values are nonetheless tagged as "2015" in order to allow aggregation.
The values reported relate to achievements tracked in monitoring systems as reported by projects financed with EU investments in the period 2007-2015.
For three Member States - Croatia, Romania and Slokavia - the final values may include outputs from 2016 under specific extensions provided; in those cases the final values are nonetheless tagged as "2015" in order to allow aggregation.
1. BACKGROUND:
After the negotiations on the ERDF and Cohesion Fund operational programmes (OPs) for 2007-2013, the Commission recommended the use of 'core indicators' for the main intervention areas. Core indicators can be used to compare and aggregate data across similar priorities or measures. Reporting on core indicators was not a legal obligation in 2007-2013. As a pilot, voluntary exercise it allowed the Member States (MS) and the Commission to establish reporting routines and detecting practical reporting issues. The effort undertaken to report against core indicators has improved accountability in the use of the Funds. Strategic reports were submitted by the MS twice in the course of the programming period (in 2009 and 2012), including core indicator data to communicate progress towards achieving policy objectives. Thanks to the use of core indicators, this was the first programme period in which indicator data could be aggregated and analysed across programmes.
After the negotiations on the ERDF and Cohesion Fund operational programmes (OPs) for 2007-2013, the Commission recommended the use of 'core indicators' for the main intervention areas. Core indicators can be used to compare and aggregate data across similar priorities or measures. Reporting on core indicators was not a legal obligation in 2007-2013. As a pilot, voluntary exercise it allowed the Member States (MS) and the Commission to establish reporting routines and detecting practical reporting issues. The effort undertaken to report against core indicators has improved accountability in the use of the Funds. Strategic reports were submitted by the MS twice in the course of the programming period (in 2009 and 2012), including core indicator data to communicate progress towards achieving policy objectives. Thanks to the use of core indicators, this was the first programme period in which indicator data could be aggregated and analysed across programmes.
2. USING THE DATA:
The data is provided by Member State in annual cumulative time series 2009-2015 where values were reported. Annual value can be compared but **SHOULD NOT BE AGGREGATED** as they are already cumulative.
The dataset also includes annual aggregate values at EU level. If aggregating values from the dataset **DO NOT AGGREGATE THE EU TOTALS AND NATIONAL VALUES** in order to avoid double counting.
The data is provided by Member State in annual cumulative time series 2009-2015 where values were reported. Annual value can be compared but **SHOULD NOT BE AGGREGATED** as they are already cumulative.
The dataset also includes annual aggregate values at EU level. If aggregating values from the dataset **DO NOT AGGREGATE THE EU TOTALS AND NATIONAL VALUES** in order to avoid double counting.
3. SCOPE OF THE DATA:
As part of the ex-post evaluation the reported indicators values for 2012 and 2013 available were examined in 2014-2015 by independent consultants. The synthesis report of their work (March 2015) is available here: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/evaluations/ec/2007-2013/#1
The values for 2014 and 2015 were established by DG REGIO by comparing the values reported by the programme authorities for those years with the work of the consultant on the values reported for 2012 and 2013 and compiling a picture of the progress. The 2015 data is derived from the final report programme reports received in March 2017.
The following is the list of "core indicators" that were examined and can be found in the dataset when used and reported by the programmes:
CO04 Number of RTD projects (N° projects)
CO05 Number of cooperation project enterprises-research institutions (N° projects)
CO06 Research jobs created (FTE)
CO07 Number of direct investment aid projects to SME (Number)
CO08 Number of start-ups supported (Enterprises)
CO09 Jobs created in SME (gross, full time equivalent) (FTE)
CO12 Additional population covered by broadband access (people)
CO14 km of new roads (km)
CO15 km of TEN roads (new and reconstructed) (km)
CO16 km of reconstructed roads (km)
CO17 km of new railroads (km)
CO18 km of TEN railroads (new and reconstructed) (km)
CO19 km of reconstructed railroads (km)
CO24 Additional capacity of renewable energy production (MW)
CO25 Additional population served by water projects (people)
CO26 Additional population served by waste water projects (people)
CO29 Area rehabilitated (km2)
CO35 Number of jobs created in tourism (FTE)
CO04 Number of RTD projects (N° projects)
CO05 Number of cooperation project enterprises-research institutions (N° projects)
CO06 Research jobs created (FTE)
CO07 Number of direct investment aid projects to SME (Number)
CO08 Number of start-ups supported (Enterprises)
CO09 Jobs created in SME (gross, full time equivalent) (FTE)
CO12 Additional population covered by broadband access (people)
CO14 km of new roads (km)
CO15 km of TEN roads (new and reconstructed) (km)
CO16 km of reconstructed roads (km)
CO17 km of new railroads (km)
CO18 km of TEN railroads (new and reconstructed) (km)
CO19 km of reconstructed railroads (km)
CO24 Additional capacity of renewable energy production (MW)
CO25 Additional population served by water projects (people)
CO26 Additional population served by waste water projects (people)
CO29 Area rehabilitated (km2)
CO35 Number of jobs created in tourism (FTE)
The indicator "CO00 Aggregated Jobs (FTE)" found in the dataset is the result
Updated
May 23 2020
Views
29,914
Tags
A-Z
- 100% (1)
- 1988-1993 (4)
- 1994-1999 (4)
- 2000-2006 (4)
- 2007-2013 (150)
- 2010 (1)
- 2014-2020 (129)
- 2014-2020 allocations (35)
- 2019 (2)
- 2020 (1)
- 2021-2027 (4)
- 2021-2027 initial allocations (1)
- 2040 vision (1)
- 8th cohesion report (1)
- 9th cohesion report (1)
- absorption (8)
- accessability statement (1)
- achievements (9)
- administration (1)
- ageing (2)
- agriculture (1)
- aid intensity (2)
- air (1)
- air quality (36)
- airport (1)
- allocations 2021-2027 (1)
- ambulances (1)
- amif (1)
- annual (5)
- annual pre-financing (3)
- area (1)
- article 7 (1)
- awareness (1)
- axis (1)
- bar chart (1)
- benchmarking (2)
- beneficiaries (3)
- beyond gdp (3)
- bike lanes (1)
- bike parking (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity tracking (2)
- blog (2)
- broadband (36)
- buildings (1)
- business development (34)
- capacity building (1)
- carbon footprint (1)
- carbon intensity (2)
- categories of region (3)
- categorisation (32)
- categorisation data (1)
- categorisation system (1)
- category of region (88)
- cci (3)
- cf (128)
- chronology (1)
- circular economy (2)
- cities (1)
- citizens’ perception (2)
- clean air (1)
- clean energy (1)
- clean transport (4)
- clean urban transport (3)
- climate action (4)
- climate adaptation (4)
- climate change (1)
- climate mitigation (2)
- climate tracking (3)
- clld (1)
- closure (1)
- co-financing (1)
- co2 (3)
- cohesion (5)
- cohesion fund (56)
- cohesion policy (173)
- cohesion report (6)
- cohesion report 9 (1)
- cohesionfund (1)
- commitment plan (1)
- common indicators (21)
- common output (1)
- common result (1)
- communciation (9)
- competitiveness (3)
- convergence (1)
- core (3)
- core indicators (134)
- coronavirus (5)
- coronavirus response (4)
- costs (3)
- counterfactual (2)
- counting projects; detailed themes; operations (1)
- coverage (1)
- covid (13)
- covid pandemic (1)
- covid vaccine (1)
- covid-19 (19)
- covid19 (7)
- cpr article 42 (1)
- cr9 (6)
- creating charts (1)
- crii (9)
- crii+ (2)
- cross-cutting_themes (1)
- culture (11)
- cycle paths (1)
- cycling (2)
- data story (1)
- datastory (1)
- decarbonisation (5)
- decided (4)
- decided finances (1)
- declarations (1)
- decommitment (3)
- demographic change (2)
- demography (1)
- deprived communities (2)
- detailed themes (1)
- development chronology (1)
- dg regional and urban policy (133)
- digital skills (1)
- digital transition (1)
- dimensions (1)
- disaster support (1)
- disasters (1)
- domestic waste management (1)
- drinking water (1)
- drought (2)
- e-business (1)
- e-commerce (1)
- e-government; digitisation (1)
- e-health (1)
- e-learning (1)
- e-tourism (1)
- eafrd (102)
- eaggf (6)
- earthquakes (2)
- econometric (1)
- econometric modelling (1)
- economic activity (1)
- economic sector (1)
- economic sectors (1)
- edrf (1)
- education (1)
- education infrastructure (35)
- efficiency (3)
- election results (1)
- eligibility (2)
- emergency services (2)
- emfaf (2)
- emff (94)
- employment (2)
- energy (37)
- energy efficiency (1)
- energy union (1)
- eni (7)
- enterprise (1)